Issues and Foresight

Geothermal energy: exploiting the planet’s heat

Using the Earth’s underground temperature to produce heat or electricity: that is the principle behind geothermal energy. Less well known than solar and wind energy, it is nevertheless the third most widely used renewable energy in France. This is how it works.
Issues and Foresight

Biofuels and e-fuels: renewable fuels of the future

How can more environmentally-friendly fuels be produced for cars, trucks, planes and boats? The answer lies in advanced biofuels and e-fuels! Produced from plant residues, organic waste, renewable electricity associated with CO2 molecules captured in the atmosphere or...
Issues and Foresight

Hybrid vehicles

The vehicle is equipped with a combined IC/electric powertrain system and two energy storage systems: a fuel tank and a battery.
Issues and Foresight

Bio-based chemistry

Bio-based chemistry is chemistry in which fossil resources are partially or completely replaced by resources derived from biomass. In particular, it helps limit reliance on fossil resources for the production of certain types of products and reduces the environmental footprint of these products.
Issues and Foresight

An energy that surfs the waves

Technologies have progressed significantly and a whole host of different wave energy systems are in the process of being developed to convert this resource into electricity.
Issues and Foresight

Wind power: converting wind into electricity

Sailing boats, windmills, etc. Humans have made use of wind energy for centuries. Thanks to technological progress, today it is possible to produce “green” electricity without using fossil resources. We take a closer look at its development prospects and the remaining challenges to be overcome.
Issues and Foresight

Internal combustion engines

Since they were invented, cars have mainly operated with 4-stroke internal combustion engines. In Europe, these have either been gasoline (spark ignition) or diesel engines.