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Metal criticality: what assessment criteria should be used?

The concept of critical raw materials initially referred to materials that were essential to national security but for which supply was limited. It has since been expanded to include needs associated with the energy and digital transitions, reflecting the increased demand for metals such as lithium, copper, and rare earths. In a context of geopolitical tensions, identifying and securing access to these resources has become a strategic priority for governments and businesses. But how should criticality be assessed? A thesis conducted at IFPEN offers a detailed examination of the issue, highlighting its complexity.